Animals Under Threat of Extinction

Animals Under Threat of Extinction More than 16,000 species of animals, birds, fish and plants are under serious threat of becoming extinct. Why is this, and is there anything we can do with it? Introduction: The panda, the tiger, the blue whale and the mountain gorilla. These are just a few examples of animals critically endangered with extinction. In fact, according to the IUCN Red List, about 22 percent of all mammal species are threatened by extinction. In this assignment, I will consider a statement in our English book; More than 16,000 species of animals, birds, fish and plants are under serious threat of becoming extinct. I chose this statement because I hadnt really considered the fact before, and was shocked after having done some research to find what extinction of that many species could mean to our planet. All I know at this point is what it says in the statement. What I would like to know after having written the assignment is whether this affects us or not and if it is a global problem. I would like to learn about extinction in general, and how species actually are extinct. I also want to find out if we can stop extinction, or if extinction is a natural part of species exist ence. Is this a global problem? Many of the endangered species are essential for other species survival, and in the long run, they might even play a big part of the existence of human beings. Every single species on earth is a part of a food chain. The extinction of a species may mean the end of another group of organisms. The eventual extinction of rainforests is a good example of this. The rainforests are a huge part of life on earth as we know it. It is assumed that between 50 and 70 percent of all species on earth are somehow connected to the rainforests, and research shows the rainforests hides millions of species yet to be discovered. Once, the glorious forests covered about 14 percent of the earths surface. Today, we are down to 6 percent, and it is decreasing by more than 6000 square metres every single day. This is not only a huge crisis for the wild life in the rainforests (research shows that nearly 150 species disappear every day because of the deforestation), but through the photosynthesis process, the rainforests are responsible for 28 percent of the earths oxygen turnover. This, combined with the heavy increase in the worlds population, might turn out to be a major problem. Additionally, by tearing down the rainforests, we might miss the cure for several deceases, considering that more than 25 percent of all natural medicines ever discovered, have their roots in the rainforests. We can assume that the last few remaining rainforests will be wiped of the face of the earth within 40 years. Extinction in general. The term extinction is used when a species reaches its end of existence. An estimated 99,9 percent of every species of animals and plants ever to have existed on our planet, are now extinct, and according to an environmental article in The Independant, scientists claim that about 50 percent of all existing species today will be extinct by the 22nd century. Most extinction happens before a race is even discovered. The definition extinction is used about a species when there are no more surviving members of the species that can reproduce, to create another generation of said species. Today, the group of extinct animals increases rapidly every day. According to a recent survey by the American Museum of Natural History, 70 percent thinks that this mass extinction is an even greater threat to our existence than climate changes. Most scientists also believe that the mass extinction and its consequences are greatly underestimated, and needs to be dealt with. Endangered species: According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, about 40 percent of every living organism on our planet is threatened with extinction. This, of course, only includes the little percentage of species discovered. There are different grades of endangerment, according to the IUCN Red List of endangered species, the first being Least Concern. This means the species faces no current threat of extinction. Some examples are the common mouse and the wood pigeon. Next category is Near threatened, and includes animals such as the tiger shark and the solitary eagle. These species may be threatened by extinction soon. The third category is called Conservation dependent. Some species under this category are the spotted hyena and the killer whale, and they are not critically endangered, but conservation programs are required . Vulnerable is the fourth grade, and these species, including the komodo dragon and the polar bear, are currently facing a risk of becoming extinct. The blue whale and the giant panda are species categorised as Endangered, and are in near future facing a great risk of becoming extinct. The species under the category Critically Endangered are facing an extreme risk of becoming extinct in near future. A species in this group is the mountain gorilla. Extinct in the wild is the category with species where only members of the species in captivation exist. The last category is Extinct, and the species under this category have reached theyre end of existence. There are no living individuals of the species. The Extinct category includes the dodo, the mammoth and more recently, the Baiji river dolphin (the species was declared extinct in 2006) and the West-African black rhinoceros (declared extinct in 2006). Why and how does a species get extinct? There are several ways for a species to get extinct. One way for a species to get extinct is if a species in its food chain faces extinction. For example, in a specific forest, the fox, the rabbit and the grass may be a part of a food chain, where the main part of the foxs diet consists of rabbits, which main diet consists of grass. If one year, the amount of grass is lower than usual, the rabbits may be failing in numbers as well, due to lack of food, and this could lead to that the amount foxes will decrease as well, because they will have a smaller amount of rabbits to feed on. In this scenario, the fox would probably go ahead and find another main source of food, but lets say the food chain is to only consist of these three species. The next year, because the amount of rabbits being eaten by foxes is lower, because the foxes didnt have as much food as usual, and the number of foxes is lower than usual, there would be an increase in the stock of rabbits. The next year again, the n umber of foxes would increase, because there is more rabbits to feed on. And like this, the food chain runs in a loop. This shows that all species depend on each other, and the amount of one species depends on the amount of another species. Climate changes are another reason for animal extinction, and the main reason for the growing concern of the polar bears existence. According to this article from a Norwegian online newspaper, the polar bears are forced to swim much longer distances than before, because of the melting of the Arctic ice. This is a huge problem for the polar bear cubs, which simply are born with a layer of fat to thin to survive for long in the ice-cold water. The melting of the ice also means it is increasingly more difficult for the polar bears to find food. Another reason for species extinction is human interaction. The dodo and the West-African black rhinoceros are great examples of this. The dodo was first seen in the early 1600s when Dutch sailors discovered the island Mauritius. The dodo had stubby wings, and was heavy and slow, an easy target for hungry Dutchmen. In less than 80 years, the dodo was extinct. The sailors who ate them and the fact that their nests were destroyed by rodents the sailors had brought with them. The West-African black rhinoceros horn was believed to be a form for aphrodisiac in parts of Yemen and China, so the species was a popular target for hunters. The species was declared extinct, when conservationists where unable to find any remaining individuals, in 2006. Conclusion. I believe there is no way for us people to stop extinction caused by natural changes, as it is a natural part of a species existence. However, endangered species caused by human actions, such as species being hunted for a part of the animal, like elephants tusks, sharks fins and rhinoceros horns is possible to stop by refuse to support these actions. The same is for the destruction of the rainforests, which I believe we need to do something about. Species extinction caused by climate changes, on the other hand, I dont think we are going to be able to stop. We cant undo whatever damage we have already caused our planet. If the climate changes turns out to be a part of human actions though, we may be able to stop future extinctions caused by changes in the climate.

Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

Canterbury Tales as a whole was very interesting. It has introduced us to a way of life that we never knew existed. It also introduced us to a type of crude humor that we have never been exposed to. It has shown us a true side of life during the Middle Ages. We have learned many things already from our World History teachers, but to experience it first hand is a different story. To experience the jokes, the merriment, and culture opens the gates to a new world. I think that these tales have been very entertaining, and enriching. I liked all the tales that I have read. I think that Geoffrey Chaucer was right to record culture the way it is, and not have toned it down to fit the needs of religion. The culture is the way it is, and no one can change it, only to record it. Chaucer recorded like he saw it, with no bias or impure intentions. He was just an author trying to write a book, for people to read and enjoy. I think that the Miller's Tale was very interesting, and definitely showed us some of the crude humor that people in the Middle Ages liked to read about. Most of the crude descriptions, or would not even be allowed to be discussed in sex education class. It can be gruesome, yet it can also be romantic. The plot describes the two lovers, as trying to make love, yet her husband must be distracted. They scheme a clever plot to avoid detection, but a friend spoils the plan. It is a Romeo and Juliet version that is a bit twisted, and bent. The Reeve's Tale In the Prioress's Tale religious discrimination is a definite issue. It deals with the conflicts concerning Jewish, and Christian people. Although in today's times this religious conflict would not usually occur, it is still a minor issue. Most Christians do not despise Jewish people, and most Jewish people do not despise Christian people, in fact they seem to get along together pretty nicely. However in the Middle Ages people must have thought differently because this type of story would never be allowed in our library. However Chaucer has written the Tale in the way he felt that best expressed the times. The Pardoner's Tale had to do with some religious issues again. In this tale it discusses different types of sins, and tells a tale of a group of boy's sins.

Pramanik Containers And The Bottleneck

Printing plates were hard to locate when required for repeat orders which lead to constant delay in start of work. Shank and his crew often had to work overtime to complete the orders due to mismanagement of plates. Biennials is not ready to spend any money to upgrade the system but puppyish wants to improve the storage of plates. He should look to outsource storage and delivery of plates to external firm and introduce ERP technology for the same. WORD COUNT: 120 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Paranoia containers Pat Ltd, established in 1977 was a family based business owned by Biennials Meta in Iambi.They used to manufacture customized aerosol containers and was the sole supplier of cans to BBC Pharmacy, a large NC since 1977. An informal meeting between Biennials Meta and Moan Sings, purchasing director of BBC Company had initiated the business partnership and within a year's time Paranoia supplied aerosol cans to BBC Pharmacy. Paranoia had created a value on its own through product quality and fast service. Many new customers tied up with Paranoia because of its ever spreading capability and quality service (for which they were known) which resulted into an annual sales of about RSI 315 million by 009.Biennials was also interested in bidding for new business and supply aerosol cans to Radiant healthcare who were entering Indian market to sell deodorants. Paranoia used to manufacture aerosol cans according to specific customer requirements biz. Size, shape, diameter of cans. These requirements were met by installation of 4 high speed automatic fabrication machines which operated at a rate of 25 cans per minute. The printing department had to decorate cans according to customers specifications and this required a high-capacity machine which could print 300 parts per minute.By 2010, Puppyish Meta son of Biennials Meta Joined his family business after completing his family managed business (FM) program. On his first day in the company he walked into the printing area and saw Shank, the head printer sleeping on the Job and also observed that operation management in printing department was in total mess. Printing plates required for printing process were hardly found in time resulting in delay of entire process. Upon enquiring from Rakes the Accounts Assistant of the company he got to know that plates used for new orders were kept in storeroom after use to be subsequently used in repeat orders.But there was no proper mechanism in place for arrangement of plates so they could not be located easily. So to compensate the time lost in finding the plates employees often worked overweight to complete the order. It resulted in extra costs as workers were paid overtime wages and new plates were made only in emergency orders in case old ones were not found. Paranoia received about 60 orders per day and manufactured 30,000 cans per day. It had produced nearly 30,000 designs during last 15 years. Plates of all these customers were maintained for use in case of n ew order. Maintaining accounts of such vast data required meticulous work.But Shank insisted that they should hire another person to maintain the registers as he was already busy running the machine but this was not acceptable to Biennials. Puppyish decided to deal with the problems and discuss the same with his father. Puppyish wanted to restructure the storage operations of plates in his company, but further investment is not acceptable to his father. So Puppyish has to come up with a concrete plan whether he should introduce technology for data maintenance of printing plates, reduce the extra costs which are paid for working overtime or he would hire extra employees to maintain the registers of plates.PROBLEM STATEMENT Improper management of print plates records leading to unnecessary load on the employees of printing department resulting to the low efficiency and extra costs. Biennials was not ready to make any investments in upgrading the present system. OBJECTIVES: 1 . To impr ove operation and time managing department of printing division with minimum extra cost. 2. To store and locate printing plates in an efficient manner. 3. To introduce technology for maintaining data of printing plates and customers orders. 4. To reduce excessive work load on employees. OPTIONS: 1.Buy a new warehouse or rent it to store printing plates. 2. To introduce technology like ERP system to maintain computerized data of printing plates. 3. Hire extra people to specifically maintain printing plates registers. 4. Outsourcing the work to some company so they can maintain data storage of printing plates properly. EVALUATION OF OPTIONS: OPTIONS o c s 1. Buying a new warehouse will require lot of investments initially as well further operations costs for running the facility as well buy new equipments. It would be beneficial for proper maintenance of plates, cost incurred would hinder its implementation. Introducing ERP system will professionalism the system. It would store inform ation of each and every plate and employees will be able to prepare printing plates whenever customers place their orders. But it will require huge setup cost and they will have to hire employees and train them. 3. Hiring employees for maintaining record of plates will be a better option keeping cost factor in mind. Although it will lead to extra costs but it will be negligible as they were paying Shank and his crew overtime wages. Also it will reduce unnecessary load of current employees and they will be able concentrate properly on their work.But for maintaining huge amount of data, use of technology is advisable. 4. Outsourcing maintenance of printing plates to external firm will help Paranoia to focus on its core service of manufacturing and supplying aerosol cans which they are known for. Printing plates can be made depending on customers order and the outsourcing firm can maintain the data according to that. This will help employees of printing department to focus on decoratio ns of cans and need not worry about locating plates for every order. But this implementation requires investment and he will have to convince his father who is not willing to spend any money.RECOMMENDATION: Puppyish should try to negotiate with his father and convince him to invest money in outsourcing firm and to reduce constant bottleneck in printing department. Although hiring new employees will avoid extra costs but recommendation would be to outsource the work to the external firm. As Paranoia is well known aerosol manufacturer company,they should focus on its better quality service and fast service and let the external firm take care of the records of printing plates. This will reduce load from Shank as well as his crews shoulders and they will be able to work efficiently on printing machines.CONNECTIONAL: Puppyish has to come up with a concrete plan and convince his father and take him into confidence to invest the money into the outsourcing firm by showing him that they are already spending extra cost due to mismanagement of printing plates so they can cut down on the unnecessary spending which is affecting the company and customers not receiving their delivery orders completely due to orders becoming an emergency order. To implement the idea of outsourcing firm Puppyish should ask his team to float tenders to invite firms interested in storing and delivering printing late.CONTINGENCY PLAN: Puppyish should implement ERP technology in the firm as the data storage of the printing plates will be computerized. It will equip the company and it would help him as the company looks to expand the business in the future. Word count-11 50 UNDERTAKING To Whom It May Concern: l, Rural Augural, hereby declare that this assignment is my original work and is not copied from anyone/anywhere. If found similar with sources, I take complete responsibility of action taken thereof by WAC team. Signature NAME: Rural Augural ROLL NO: 131246 SECTION: B

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